Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Cartesian Circle is Wrong - 1586 Words

Rene Descartes meditations on the existence of God are very profound, thought-provoking, and engaging. From the meditations focused specifically on the existence of God, Descartes uses the argument that based on his clear and distinct perception that cannot be treated with doubt, God does exist. In the beginning of the third meditation, Descartes proclaims that he is certain he is a thinking thing based on his clear and distinct perception, and he couldn’t be certain unless all clear and distinct perceptions are true. Before diving into the existence of God, Descartes introduces smaller arguments to prove the existence of God. For example, Descartes introduces in his argument that there are ideas in which he possess that exists outside of†¦show more content†¦The reason we cannot doubt the existence of God is because of clear and distinct perceptions that God exist. To conclude, because of clear and distinct perception, Descartes conveys that God exists. Though his argument seems intriguing, Descartes argument has been treated with dubious standpoints. The reason of doubt, better known as the Cartesian circle, argues that Descartes goes against his own word. The foundation of the Cartesian Circle consists of the argument that Descartes can only know that God exists and is not a deceiver if he knows that his clear and distinct perceptions are true. But he can only know that his clear and distinct perceptions are true only if he knows that God exists and is not a deceiver. This circularity comes from the basic fact that one hand believers of this circularity cites that Descartes states that we must rely on clear and distinct perceptions in order to prove that God exists; however, on the other hand, believers also proclaim that Descartes convey God must exist in order for him to develop the clear and distinct perceptions that he exists and is not a deceiver. Now that both sides have been introduced, the focus of this paper is to speak o n Descartes meditations about the existence of God, and the Cartesian circle. The standpoint I will be taking is to prove that the Cartesian circle has overemphasized the claim that Descartes is using circularity, and that this claim should be disregarded. DescartesShow MoreRelated Descartes’ Ultimate Purpose of the Meditations Essay1780 Words   |  8 Pagesof establishing a foundation for the existence of truth, falsity, corporeal things and eventually the establishment of the sciences. When viewed in this light, Descartes is accused of drawing himself into a ‘Cartesian circle,’ ultimately forcing this cosmological proof of God to defy Cartesian method, thus precipitating the failure of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth meditations. This approach to the meditations, in the order with which they are presented, allows me to state that a proof of theRead MoreDescartes Fourth Meditation On The Existence Of God1382 Words   |  6 Pagesplaced false ideas into our minds. The caveat to this counter argument is that in defense of Descartes’ Third Meditation, where he claims that God is not a deceiver, he presupposes the existence of God. This occurs through what is now termed the â€Å"Cartesian circle†. In this reasoning, Descartes claims that the idea of God being perfect is â€Å"true and innate† within him and something that he can access through clear and distinct thought. Descartes continues on to say that anything that he can clearly andRead More If A Tree Falls in the Philosophical Forest, Someone Managed to Undermine Descartes Ambitions for Epistemology 2257 Words   |  10 Pagesthat it is impossible to find a true foundation for knowledge due to the unknown origin of human creation, the element of subjectivity and solipsism and the limitations of knowledge being indubitable. Furthermore, I critically assess that the Cartesian circle and Descartes presumption of God in his meditations are largely problematic. In general, epistemology studies every aspect that encompasses knowledge. Traditionally, epistemology is simply clarified as justified true belief. Belief forms a foundationRead MoreThe Paradox Of The Existence Of God1460 Words   |  6 Pagesinfinite substance’ A main flaw in Descartes argument is what is known as the ‘Cartesian circle’. To many, his meditations seem to be in the formation of the title itself, a circle. Returning to his original premise with his conclusion. For example Descartes says that truth is found in ‘clear and distinct’ perceptions. Descartes found in his earlier meditation that God isn’t a deceiver and therefore, he could not be wrong about what he perceives clearly and distinctly. The grounds for this lie on hisRead MoreFemale Mathematicians Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the first actually read by the Society that had been submitted by a woman. Even at the age of sixty eight, Somerville published one of her most popular books entitles Physical Geography. Some preached against this book, but they were proved wrong when it became her most successful work. It was the most widely used book for schools and universities for fifty years. Some of her best work was also with the use of cycloids and the explanation of how the Earth is shaped (Perl 1978). Her impact andRead MoreDescartes Vs. Descartes s Theory Of Certainty1852 Words   |  8 Pageswe philosophise [sic] in an orderly way. The inferential view is committed to the belief that Descartes reasoning in the cogito involves the use of an unexpressed premise or rule of inference and therefore either the analysis of cogito is wrong or Descartes never truly attained a single, secure truth (Wagner 168). It is also claimed that Descartes could not say think or existence without the premises of what thoughts and existences are, yet in debate, Descartes claims that the internalRead MoreEssay on The Proof of the Existence of God1423 Words   |  6 Pagesproperties of hydrogen which is caused through fusion. Another reason for not being able to prove God exists is because if he existed he wouldn’t deceive us. But humankind does make errors in moral decisions and there is plenty of wrong doing in the world. This has been explained through the idea that God gave us free will and that this will is without boundaries whereas out intellect isn’t. The reason that human beings make errors is because of the lack of boundariesRead More How Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised4647 Words   |  19 Pageseither syllogism or enthymeme. This view holds that Descartes asserts that he is thinking, that he believes it axiomatic that whatever thinks must exist and therefore that he logically concludes that he exists. This view, it seems to me, is wrong. It should be stated on no occasion, in the Meditations, does Descartes write I am thinking, therefore I am, nor anything directly equivalent. Rather, he says: Doubtless, then, that I existà  and, let him deceive me as he may, he can neverRead MoreThe Origins of Modern Science Essay2484 Words   |  10 Pagesmeant to restrain it. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), a Polish astronomer, theorized that Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. Through observations made by the naked eye, Copernicus concluded that the plants, moon and stars did not circle the earth at the same speeds. These ideas are what set him apart from the Ptolemaic system of astronomy. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), a German astronomer and mathematician, considered the founder of modern astronomy, formulated that the orbits ofRead MoreThe Scientific Arguments Which Contain Freedom And Soft And Hard Determinism3111 Words   |  13 PagesIt seems to us that we are in control of our mind and body as a unified self. It means that we have free will to act. We can imagine it is like a homunculus in the Cartesian Theater which is responsible for making every decision in our brain. However, unless we can prove there is a homunculus in our brain, there is no consciousness. Libet and Wegner challenge the view that we do not have free will. â₠¬Å"We can’t possibly know the tremendous number of mechanical influences on our behavior because we inhabit

Monday, May 11, 2020

Informative Speech On Corey Taylor - 1180 Words

Informative Speech Draft: Corey Taylor I. Introduction a. Attention Getter: (â€Å"The future is meant for those who are willing to let go of the worst parts of the past. When you cannot take two steps without turning around to inspect your footsteps, you are getting nowhere fast.† as quoted by Corey Taylor in his 2012 book, Seven deadly sins: Settling the argument between born bad and damaged goods published by Boston Da Capo.) b. Background: (This is a quote from Author, Singer and songwriter Corey Taylor of Slipknot and Stone Sour.. Though many of you may not be aware of who he is, I am sure you have heard a song or two from him before and probably changed the song.) c. Audience Relevance: (I believe I should be heard out because†¦show more content†¦She helped to support him financially and emotionally. It was around this time when he had broken up with his girlfriend and fell into depression. There was an instance in which he tried to commit suicide by swallowing a bunch of pills, but they found him, rushed him to the hospital and fed him ipecac to induce vomiting.In a recent interview with therapist Siri Sat Nam Singh on his show The Therapist in May 2017 on Viceland, he discussed his childhood struggles as well as how he was a victim of sexual assault at the age of 10. b. Sub-point B: (It was his grandmother that helped him throughout his difficult times. She helped him cope with all his struggles and his depression. It was her who had introduced him to rock music, she showed him records of Elvis Presley, as well as other groups such as Black Sabbath. It was then that his passion for music formed and thanks to it, he had found an outlet to deal with all his struggles.) Transition to 2nd Main Point: (I just discussed how Corey’s childhood had unfolded and how he had gained his passion for music, now I will tell you all where that led him.) III. Main Point 2: (Corey’s love for music drove him to create 2 bands. He is known as the lead singer in heavy metal band Slipknot, as well as lead singer in alternative metal band Stone Sour.) a. Sub-point A: (Corey first formed Stone Sour in the late 90s with guitarist Jim Root, they created demos but did not release an album until 2002, when

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Consumerism Essay Free Essays

Taking the green to the extreme A lot of consumer groups are starting to show up against capitalism and consumerism. They strive to come out with the message that â€Å"less is more†, meaning that buying less is better for the environment. They are taking recycling to another level. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumerism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The question is, is it possible to make a huge impact? Do we really need to stop consuming to make a difference? And how bad do we need a change? One of these groups are called freegans. Freegans are people living an anti-consumer lifestyle, they choose to re-use food that is being tossed to the curbside but the food being tossed is edible. A lot of people think that it is obscene to eat food out of a dumpster or curbside and that it is impossible to know how long the food has been out there. They are not necessarily being freegans out of economical issues they are doing it out of principle because they do not wish to fund those big corporations that are spoiling the environment and they also think about the homeless people and give them some of the food they find since they get so much that they cannot take it all home. Their message is being well received, since some stores put the food in way that makes it easy for them to pick and choose and they even wink at them. Another group is the Compact that are against consumerism. It originated in 2005 at dinner party in San Francisco, where the guests decided to take recycling to another level by going a whole year without making a new purchase but they are allowed to buy used items and are encouraged to borrow and reuse whatever possible. They too think that consumerism is destroying the world and that most of us own more than we need. Their concept is being taken rather seriously and has quickly been spread all across the United States of America. Almost 3. 00 people from all over the world has taken part of the concept on Yahoo and the participants think that it has been a rewarding experience. Quote from John Perry the co-founder of the Compact group – â€Å"We’ve enjoyed the camaraderie and competitive spirit with friends,â€Å" Perry said. â€Å"And it’s been really good for us to think about what we need, as opposed to what we want† When Colin Beavan got the news a bout global warming and he did not feel that the government was doing something about it, so he decided to do something about it, therfore he did something that nobody has done in thousands of years. Colin Beavan decided to live without electricity through a whole year with his daughter and wife. Other initiatives are to use low-energy transportation, eliminating trash, eating locally and seasonal and so on He wrote a book called â€Å"No Impact Man: A Year Off the Grid† based on his experiences throughout the year he was living without electricity. Colin Beavan says that whenever they were bored they went to the park and hung out with their neighbors and in this way they were both being social and sparing the environment. Colin Beavan has encouraged people to do the same by starting the No Impact Experiment. There is a webpage were you can register yourself to join the No Impact Experiment, you can schedule how you are going to live a week and upload videos of how well you are doing, so that everyone can see your results. Personally I think that these are some amazing initiatives and it is very inspiring but I do not think I would be able to live by eating food from the dumpsters or without electricity, I am too accustom to the way I am living like right now and I believe a lot people would have difficulties because they are to accustom to the way they are, I know a lot of people who cannot live without their cell phones or being on Facebook. A lot of the things that a couple years ago we almost did not use have become a necessity for us, e. g. internet, or at least for my generation. I do think that even the smallest thing you do, can help the environment and the small steps are the ones that are going to help the environment. ? How to cite Consumerism Essay, Essay examples